Inhaling device for administering gases and the like



Dec. 18, 1928. 1,695,930

H. C. SCHRODER I NHALING DEVICE FOR ADIINISTERING GASES AND THE LIKE Filed Nov. is, 1925 S SheQtS-Sheet 1 Fig.4. 7

mnsm oR Dec. 18, 1928. 1,695,930

H. w. c. SCHRODER INHALING DEVICE FOR ADMINISTERING GASES AND THE LIKE Filed NOV- 13, 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fig. 2.

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INVENTOR Patented Dec. 18, 1928;

UNITED STATES 1,595,930 PATENT OFFICE.

HANS WILHELM CHRISTIAN scnndmm, or LUBECK, GERMANY, Assrenon 'ro ALEX- ANDER BERNHARD DRAGER, or FINKENBERG, LuBEcx, GERMAN; ELFRIEDE DRAGER, use STANGE, EXECUTRIX OF SAID DRKGER, DECEASED.

INHALING DEVICE FOR ADMINISTERING GASES AND THE LIKE.

Application filed November 13,1925, Serial No. 68,918, and inGei-inany November 15, 1924.

Inhaling devices for several gases are already known, but so far users have been compelled either to mix the gases in the proportion desired in the pressure container, or

else to dose each single gas according to the amount of air required by the patient. The disadvantages lay in the imperfect or lnconvenient service of these known apparatus-.- For purposes of resuscitation, however, only such apparatus as can be rapidly accommodated to the difi'erent life-saving problems arising, whilst acting more or less automatically, can be taken into consideration;

By means of the present invention all the 16' conditions can be complied with for the successful treatment of those who have met with accident, and whose respiratory activity or exchange of gasmust be assisted by the supply of suitable breathing gas. 7

In the very first place oxygen must be given to the patient but only seldom in'its pure state as 1n most cases it is necessary to dilute it with air. As a third gas, say about 5 per cent of'the total quantity, carbonic acid gas may be used in order, by exciting the respiratory centre to induce the chest and stomach muscles to deep breathing movements.

In cases in which there is no disease of the so respiratory organs and blood corpuscles of the patient, the breathing of oxygen is not necessary as a treatment with air containing carbonic acid gas will be suflicient.

The drawings show the new device for breathing oxygen, air and carbonic acid gas or the two latter gases only, in a constructional form which is given by way of example. Figure 1 is an elevation of the complete device. Figure 2 is a section thereof to a larger scale without the gas container, .Whilst Figures 3, 4 and 5 show various adjustments of the air and carbonic acid gas mixing valve, in section. Figure 6 is a section througha device for breathing in air and carbonic acid gas without oxygen. Figure 7 is asection corresponding to the line AB of Figure 6 and shows the gas pouch with automatic lung-like action .and with gas take-ofl' unions and a valve.

The 0 gen is drawn from the steel bottle 1, the car onic acid gas from the steel bottle 2 and the air from the surrounding atmos-.

phere. From the pressure reducing valve 3 vthe nozzle 22. In the the oxygen passes through the pipe 4 to the needle valve 5, while the carbonic acid gas passes through the pressure reducing valve 6 thron In the inoperative position the valve 5 is h the pipe 7 to the needle valve 8.

closed by the spring 9 (Figure 2) and the valve 8 by the spring 10. As soon however as the patient inhales gas, through the mask 11 and the tube 12, from the collapsible breathing bag 13 and empties the latter to such an extent that the wall 14 moves the lever 16 on the pivot 15, the action of the spring 9 will be overcome, whereupon the valve 5 opens and the oxygen flows to the injector 17. This latter produces in the pipe 18 and in the multiple ported taper valve 19 a fall in pressure whlch according to 'the position of the handle of the valve causes a flow of the external air and carbonic :1 id gas through small nozzles of carefully gra uated size. In the present case two air nozzles 20 and 21 and three carbonic. acid gas nozzles 22, 23 and 24 are provided. ,Upon the dial 25 (Figure 1) there are divisional points and figures which, indicate the proportion of the mixture of the gases corresponding to which the indicator 27 connected with the movable tap handle 26 is adjusted. The position of the indicator according to Figure 1 oxygen 5% carbonic acid gas) corres nds to the position of the tap according to igure 2, wherein with the quantity of oxy en passing through the injector no externa air, but only 5% carbonic-acid gas is induced through position of the tap accordingtoFigure 3 t e mixture of gas inhaled or respired consists of 75% 0 gen and 5% carbonic acid gas, the remain er being nitrogen from the air. The percentage of oxygen in the remaining 21% of the atmosphere must of course be taken into consideration when determining the dose. In the position of the valve according to Figure 4 the respiratory air contains 50% of oxygen and 5% carbonic acid gas, and according to Figure 5 oxygen and no carbonic acid gas. The carbonic acid gas is drawn from the pouch 28 which is in communication through the pipes 29, 30, 31 and 32 with the nozzles 22, 23, 24. Similar to the case of the pouch 13 described above the collapse of the pouch wall 33 against the lever 35 adapted to swing on'the pivot 34 causes an automatic v to the actual requirement.

Instead of the taper valve described any other valve, distributor or the like can be used. Gases other than those named can also be used in any desired proportions. It is also possible to set up communication between the suction pipe 18 or the valve 19 and mask 11 or the tube 12, in order to obtain a circular course or flow for the purpose of efl'ecting a saving in gas, for example in the case of pure oxygen respiration in the position of the valve accordingto Figure 5. If a gas is to be absorbed in this circular flow, for example the carbonic acid gas exhaled, then in the connectiondescribed between the suction union and the mask an absorption cartridge can be inserted in well known manner. The stream of air respired is controlled in the manner known by means of one-way valve 37 (attached to the mask).

The device shown in Figures 6 and 7 which serves for the inspiration of air and carbonic acid gas dlifers from the one described above by the fact that the carbonic acid gas is here plunger or pin 8.

used as the pressure gas for the injector and air is induced from the outside, whereas in the former case the air served as the driving medium and carbonic acid. gas was induced. Furthermore the breathing bag with the valve lever actuated automatically in a lung-like manner is provided with a connection for the supply of gas and another for the induction of the induced gas. In the device previously described there was only one induction union provided with a lateral orifice fora supply of gas. The steel cylinder 1' contains liquid or compressed carbonic acid gas. From the pressure reducing valve 2' and through the pipe 3" the carbonic acid gas passes at a suitable low pressure to the valve 4: They closing of'the valvet' is eiiected by the spring 5 which presses the lever arm 7, adapted to rotate round the pivot 6, upon the valve The patient breathes throughthe mask 9, tube 10,one-way valve 11' and connecting unions 12 the gas he re-' 7 quires from the bag 13 and as soon as this latter. is so far emptied that the plate 14 comes in contact with the lever 15 and moves against the stop 16' rigidly connected to theunion 12 then the spring 5 is compressed andconsequently its influence upon the valve plunger 8 is checked. The carbonic acid gas flows from the pipe 3 through the valve 4:

which is now free. from load and the pipe 17' up to the injector 18'. In front of the suction aperture of the injector there isthe fresh air regulator disc valve 19' with superimposed movable ports or slots. Instead of these a. dosing'or quantity determining tap can be used. The current of carbonic acid the maximum percentage of carbonic acid gas namely 8%. Herefrom there is obtained the requisite quantity of pressure carbonic acid gas namely 2.4 litres in 1 minute. Now as this CO current is immutable consequently in the widest position of the disc valve about litres of. air must be aspired in one minute in order to obtain the minimum CO percentage of 3%. Such a suctionpipe with the low pressure consumption of 2.4 litres in 1 minute necessitates a wide conic'suction throat 21. In the arrangement of the suction throat upon the induction union according to the device shown in Figures 1 and 2 the possibility exists that a substantial part of the breathing air will, owing to the breathing sub-pressure in the induction union, begin to flow prior to the emptying of the breathing bag or simultaneously direct through the suction throat and the distributing aperture and thus alter the gas mixture as desired. For this reason in the constructional form according to Figures 6 and 7 the gas feed union 20 is separated from the induction union 12 and the former is furthe'rmore prolonged by means of a pipe 22 projecting well into the bag. The breathing sub-pressure of course decreases in accordance with the length of the pipe, that is to say, in this case it is highest in the union 12 and lowest in the union 20'. Consequently the bag 13' must always empty itself and actuate the valve 4 with the automatic lung-like action before air can flow into the suction throat 21. As soon however as the injector comes into operation, no further important part in comparison with the high suction capacity of the injector is played b the small quantities of air that may still e induced not appreciably change the gas mixture to Jun which the adjustment has been set. It must be still further remarked that for actuating the lever arm 15 only an extremely low subpressure is required (1-2 mm. of water) inthe pouch 13' owing to the extensive surface of the pouch wall.

' Claims:

1. A breathing apparatus comprising an injector, a source supplying a gas under pressure to said injector to actuate it, a collapsible breathing bag adapted to receive gas from said injector, a valve mechanism by, the collapse ofsaid ordinated with, and actuated by, the collapse of said bag for controlling the flow of said actuating gas to said injector, a conduit through which a second gas is drawn by the action of said injector to be injected thereby into said breathing bag, and an adjustable valve in said conduit for determining the flow of said second gas.

2. A breathing apparatus comprising a source of carbonic acid gas, a source of compressed oxygen, an injector connected to said source of carbonic acid gas and adapted to be actuated by said oxygen, an adjustable valve for mixing predetermined proportions of air with the carbonic acid gas drawn from said source by the action of said injector, a col lapsible breathing bag adapted to receive the gaseous mixture from said injector, and a valve mechanism responsive to the pressure in said bag for regulating the flow of oxygen to said injector.

3. In a breathing apparatus, tion comprising an injector, a source of compressed oxygen connected to said injector to actuate the same, a collapsible breathing bag in communication with said injector to receive the discharge therefrom, a. valve mechanism, coordinated with, and actuated by, the collapse of said bag for controlling the flow of said oxygen to said injector, a secondcollapsible bag, a source of carbonic acid gas communicating therewith, a second valve mechanism coordinated with, and actuated second bag for controlling the fiow of carbonic acid gas to the same, a conduit for conducting the carbonic acid gas from said second bag to said innamed bag, and

, for admixing the combina jector to be injected therebyinto the first an adjustable valve in said conduit for regulating the flow of carbonic acid gas through said conduit.

4. The combination set forth in claim 3 in which the adjustable valve is a multi-way valve communicating with the atmosphere predetermined proportions of air with sai carbonic acid gas.

-5. In a breathing apparatus, the combination comprising an injector, a source of compressed oxygen connected to said injector to actuate the same, a-collapsible breathing bag in communication with said injector to receive the discharge therefrom, a valve mechanism, coordinated with, and actuated by, the

collapse of said bag for controlling the flow of said oxygen to said injector, a second collapsible bag, a source of carbonic acid gas communicating mechanism coordinated with, and actuated by, the collapse of said second bag for controlling the flow of carbonic acid gas to the same, a valve casing having a plurality of ports of diflt'erent sizes communicating with said-second bag, a plurality of ports communicating with the atmosphere and a delivery port, a rotary valve in said casing having a plurality of: lntercommunicating passages each of which has selective communication with two or more of the aforementioned ports, and a conduit for conducting gas from said delivery port to said injector to be injected thereby into the first named bag.

mus WILHELM camsrmu scuaonsa.

therewith, a second valve 

